the history of Title IX:
Rep. Patsy Mink,
Co-author of the Title IX legislation
The 37-word sentence to the right is Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, more commonly known as “Title IX.” Many people associate the Title IX legislation solely with sports. In fact, sports was only one of the areas covered by the legislation. Prior to Title IX, women and girls faced obstacles and discrimination in numerous areas including admissions standards for collegiate institutions, access to financial aid, and access to graduate programs for computer science and engineering as well as professional degree programs at law and medical schools.
Over the past thirty-five(35) years, the legislation has helped reduce gender discrimination and facilitated increased female participation and leadership in the classroom, boardroom, courtroom and on the athletic fields.
Women in Politics: Research
The White House Project Research
Research and polling are the keys to overcoming the barriers to women’s leadership. Over the past nine years, the White House project has taken on major, groundbreaking research projects that have impacted and informed women’s leadership issues. All publications are available at www.TheWhiteHouseProject.org.
Roper Public Affairs Polling
Over the past five years, we have tested the readiness of Americans for women leaders with our Roper polling. In February 2007, we found that for the first time, Americans are ready to elect a woman president within the next five years. And, a majority of Americans feel that men and women are equally suited to handling the complex issues of foreign policy, homeland security, and the economy. In addition, nearly 95% of those polled feel positive about women as heads of large financial institutions, technology companies, law firms, major film studios, and large retail companies. (2007)
Security Polling With Lake Research Partners
The survey tested new security messages on likely 2006 voters from both general and female candidates’ voices and found that being a woman candidate in most cases only marginally changes the response by both male and female voters. (2006)
Who’s Talking Analyses of Sunday Morning Talk Shows
Despite their growing ranks as experts in fields ranging from national security and military spending to technology and health care, women continue to be drastically underrepresented in the news media as shapers of policy and leading voices of experience and authority on critical issues. This longitudinal study assesses the frequency of women’s appearances on our nation’s most prominent Sunday political talk shows. (2005, 2002, 2000/1)
Barriers and Opportunities to Women’s Executive Leadership led by Lake Research Partners, American Viewpoint and Page Gardner Consulting
A first-of-its-kind research initiative by a bi-partisan team of campaign and political experts to assess how voters respond to images and messages of women running for executive office. (2002)
Pipeline to the Future: Young Women and Political Leadership with Lake Research Partners and Youth Intelligence
"Pipeline to the Future" reveals that there are concrete ways to attract young women to a career in political life. The findings detail the messages and tools necessary to change young women's concerns about getting involved in politics: providing mentors, connections and opportunities for hands-on experience; providing role models; increasing young women's confidence; and showing young women how politics can make a positive difference in people's lives. (2000)
Framing Gender on the Campaign Trail: Women’s Executive Leadership and the Press
Research on how newspaper reporters cover female and male gubernatorial candidates. (1999)
The following organizations can provide additional information/materials regarding women and politics in the U.S. and around the world:
Council of World Women Leaders
The White House Project
Centre for American Women and Politics
League of Women Voters
Woman Watch
Online Women In Politics
IDEA
Inter-Parliamentary Union
http://.ipu.org/iss-e/women.htm
iKnow Politics
Women in Politics Inc. (Australia)
Fawcett Society
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Title IX
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
-Title IX of the Education
Amendments of 1972